Structure, Regulation, and Function of Mammalian Membrane Guanylyl Cyclase Receptors, With a Focus on Guanylyl Cyclase-A

Molecular Physiology of Membrane Guanylyl Cyclase Receptors.

cGMP controls many cellular functions ranging from growth, viability, and differentiation to contractility, secretion, and ion transport. The mammalian genome encodes seven transmembrane guanylyl cyclases (GCs), GC-A to GC-G, which mainly modulate submembrane cGMP microdomains. These GCs share a unique topology comprising an extracellular domain, a short transmembrane region, and an intracellul...

Guanylyl cyclase-linked natriuretic peptide receptors: structure and regulation.

The regulation and physiological roles of the guanylyl cyclase receptors.

CYCLIC guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) was the second of the cyclic nucleotide "second messengers" discovered [1-3] and 35 years later, its role in many cells remains unclear. It has been suggested that the rate of cGMP turnover is one means by which this nucleotide signals [4], but most studies suggest cells monitor intracellular cGMP concentrations, which are regulated by guanylyl cycla...

Regulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase by phosphorylation

Results In vitro kinase assays revealed that the α1, but not the β1, subunit of sGC is a PKG substrate and that the phosphorylation site is located within the first 360 residues of the α1. A constitutively active form of PKG stimulated incorporation of 32P into the α1 subunit in vivo. In addition, PKG could be detected in sGC immunoprecipitates, suggesting that the two proteins interact in cell...

Nucleotidyl Cyclase Activity of Particulate Guanylyl Cyclase A: Comparison with Particulate Guanylyl Cyclases E and F, Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase and Bacterial Adenylyl Cyclases Cyaa and Edema Factor

Guanylyl cyclases (GCs) regulate many physiological processes by catalyzing the synthesis of the second messenger cGMP. The GC family consists of seven particulate GCs (pGCs) and a nitric oxide-activated soluble GC (sGC). Rat sGC α1β1 possesses much broader substrate specificity than previously assumed. Moreover, the exotoxins CyaA from Bordetella pertussis and edema factor (EF) from Bacillus a...